December 15, 2014 \u00a0By Mary L. Martialay<\/p>\n
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Troy, N.Y. \u2014 It\u2019s the most basic of ways to find out what something does, whether it\u2019s an unmarked circuit breaker or an unidentified gene \u2014 flip its switch and see what happens. New remote-control technology may offer biologists a powerful way to do this with cells and genes. A team at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute<\/a> and Rockefeller University<\/a> is developing a system that would make it possible to remotely control biological targets in living animals \u2014 rapidly, without wires, implants, or drugs.<\/p>\n In a technical report published today in the journal Nature Medicine<\/a>, the team describes successfully using electromagnetic waves to turn on insulin production to lower blood sugar in diabetic mice. Their system couples a natural iron storage particle, ferritin, to activate an ion channel called TRPV1 such that when the metal particle is exposed to a radio wave or magnetic field, it opens the channel, leading to the activation of an insulin-producing gene<\/strong>. Together, the two proteins act as a nano-machine that can be used to trigger gene expression in cells.<\/p>\n \u201cThe use of a radiofrequency-driven magnetic field is a big advance in remote gene expression because it is non-invasive and easily adaptable,\u201d said Jonathan S. Dordick<\/a>, the Howard P. Isermann Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering<\/a> and vice president for research at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. \u201cYou don\u2019t have to insert anything \u2014 no wires, no light systems \u2014 the genes are introduced through gene therapy. You could have a wearable device that provides a magnetic field to certain parts of the body and it might be used therapeutically for many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. It’s limitless at this point.\u201d<\/p>\n Dordick, Ravi Kane, the P.K. Lashmet Professor and head of Chemical and Biological Engineering, within the Rensselaer Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, and doctoral student Jeremy Sauer collaborated with Rockefeller colleagues Jeffrey Friedman<\/a>, Rensselaer Class of 1977, and Sarah Stanley on the project.<\/p>\n Other techniques exist for remotely controlling the activity of cells or the expression of genes in living animals. But these have limitations. Systems that use light as an on\/off signal require permanent implants or are only effective close to the skin, and those that rely on drugs can be slow to switch on and off.<\/p>\n The new system, dubbed radiogenetics, uses a signal, in this case low-frequency radio waves or a magnetic field, to activate ferritin particles. They, in turn, prompt the opening of TRPV1, which is situated in the membrane surrounding the cell. Calcium ions then travel through the channel, switching on a synthetic piece of DNA the scientists developed to turn on the production of a downstream gene, which in this study was the insulin gene.<\/p>\n