{"id":20414,"date":"2025-10-29T15:54:35","date_gmt":"2025-10-29T22:54:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/?p=20414"},"modified":"2025-10-29T15:54:35","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T22:54:35","slug":"energy-efficient-and-trust-based-autonomous-underwater-vehicle-scheme-for-6g-enabled-internet-of-underwater-things","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/?p=20414","title":{"rendered":"Energy-Efficient and Trust-Based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Scheme for 6G-Enabled Internet of Underwater Things"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"art-authors hypothesis_container\">by Altaf Hussain<span class=\"inlineblock \"><sup>\u00a01<i>\u00a0<\/i><\/sup>Shuaiyong Li<\/span><span class=\"inlineblock \"><sup>\u00a02,*<i>\u00a0<\/i><\/sup>Tariq Hussain<\/span><span class=\"inlineblock \"><sup>3,*<i>\u00a0<\/i><\/sup>Razaz Waheeb Attar<sup><br \/>\n<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"inlineblock \"><sup>4<i>\u00a0<\/i><\/sup>Ahmed Alhomoud<\/span><span class=\"inlineblock \"><sup>\u00a05<i>\u00a0<\/i><\/sup>Reem Alsagri<\/span><span class=\"inlineblock \"><sup>\u00a06<\/sup><i class=\"fa fa-envelope-o\"><\/i>\u00a0and Khalid Zaman<\/span><span class=\"inlineblock \"><sup>\u00a07<\/sup><i class=\"fa fa-envelope-o\"><\/i><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"nrm\"><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hypothesis_container\">\n<div class=\"art-affiliations\">\n<div class=\"affiliation \">\n<div class=\"affiliation-item\"><sup>1\u00a0<\/sup>School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation \">\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation-item\"><sup>2\u00a0<\/sup>Key Laboratory of Industrial Internet of Things and Networked Control, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation \">\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation-item\"><sup>3\u00a0<\/sup>School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation \">\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation-item\"><sup>4<\/sup>Management Department, College of Business Administration, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation \">\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation-item\"><sup>5\u00a0<\/sup>Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation \">\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation-item\"><sup>6\u00a0<\/sup>Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation \">\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation-item\"><sup>7\u00a0<\/sup>Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518000, China<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation\">\n<div class=\"affiliation-item\"><sup>*<\/sup><\/div>\n<div class=\"affiliation-name \">Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bib-identity\"><em>Sensors<\/em>\u00a0<b>2025<\/b>,\u00a0<em>25<\/em>(1), 286;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s25010286\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s25010286<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"pubhistory\">Submission received: 13 November 2024\u00a0\/\u00a0Revised: 30 November 2024\u00a0\/\u00a0Accepted: 19 December 2024\u00a0\/\u00a0Published: 6 January 2025<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>SOURCE : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/25\/1\/286\">https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/25\/1\/286<\/a><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-20415\" src=\"https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/574064607_2515458955494034_2055173914338172793_n-760x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"760\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/574064607_2515458955494034_2055173914338172793_n-760x1024.jpg 760w, https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/574064607_2515458955494034_2055173914338172793_n-223x300.jpg 223w, https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/574064607_2515458955494034_2055173914338172793_n-768x1035.jpg 768w, https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/574064607_2515458955494034_2055173914338172793_n-100x135.jpg 100w, https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/574064607_2515458955494034_2055173914338172793_n.jpg 828w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-20416\" src=\"https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/574845441_2515457555494174_7216832184897632520_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"828\" height=\"770\" srcset=\"https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/574845441_2515457555494174_7216832184897632520_n.jpg 828w, https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/574845441_2515457555494174_7216832184897632520_n-300x279.jpg 300w, https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/574845441_2515457555494174_7216832184897632520_n-768x714.jpg 768w, https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/574845441_2515457555494174_7216832184897632520_n-100x93.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 828px) 100vw, 828px\" \/><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<section id=\"html-abstract\" class=\"html-abstract\">\n<h2 id=\"html-abstract-title\">Abstract<\/h2>\n<div class=\"html-p\">This paper introduces a novel energy-efficient lightweight, void hole avoidance, localization, and trust-based scheme, termed as Energy-Efficient and Trust-based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (EETAUV) protocol designed for 6G-enabled underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). The proposed scheme addresses key challenges in UASNs, such as energy consumption, network stability, and data security. It integrates a trust management framework that enhances communication security through node identification and verification mechanisms utilizing normal and phantom nodes.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"html-p\">Furthermore, a 6G communication module is deployed to reduce network delay and enhance packet delivery, contributing to more efficient data transmission. Leveraging Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), the EETAUV protocol offers a lightweight approach for node discovery, identification, and verification while ensuring a high data transmission rate through a risk-aware strategy including at low computational cost. The protocol\u2019s performance is evaluated through extensive simulations and compared against state-of-the-art methods across various metrics, including network lifetime, throughput, residual energy, packet delivery ratio, mean square error, routing overhead, path loss, network delay, trust, distance, velocity, Computational Cost of Routing, and data security. The results demonstrate the superior cumulative performance of the proposed EETAUV scheme, making it a robust solution for secure, efficient, and reliable communication in UASNs.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div id=\"html-keywords\">\n<div class=\"html-gwd-group\">\n<div><\/div>\n<div id=\"html-keywords-title\">Keywords:<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=Internet+of+Underwater+Things\">Internet of Underwater Things<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=autonomous+underwater+vehicles\">autonomous underwater vehicles<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=6G-enabled+UASN\">6G-enabled UASN<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=localization\">localization<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=void+node\">void node<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=trust+management\">trust management<\/a>;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/search?q=EETAUV\">EETAUV<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<h2><strong>READ FULL ARTICLE\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div>source <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/25\/1\/286\">https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/25\/1\/286<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Altaf Hussain\u00a01\u00a0Shuaiyong Li\u00a02,*\u00a0Tariq Hussain3,*\u00a0Razaz Waheeb Attar 4\u00a0Ahmed Alhomoud\u00a05\u00a0Reem Alsagri\u00a06\u00a0and Khalid Zaman\u00a07 1\u00a0School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China 2\u00a0Key Laboratory of Industrial Internet of Things and Networked Control, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China 3\u00a0School of Computer Science and Technology, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[357,836,28,483,204,298,847,672],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-5g-antenna","category-6g","category-cell-tower","category-drone","category-electromagnetic-warfare","category-electropollution","category-iout-internet-of-underwater-things","category-satellites"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20414"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20414\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20417,"href":"https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20414\/revisions\/20417"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emrabc.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}